Our Country. The Great Bharath-Hindustan-India.

The density of population is 343 per square kilometer. As per the 2011 data, the total literacy rate in the districts of Andhra stands at 67 per cent.

Andhra Pradesh is one of the state of the country, which takes pride in its rich historical and cultural heritage. A peek into the History of Andhra Pradesh can give an idea of the glorious past the state has witnessed. The brief history of Andhra Pradesh can be classified into four prime periods.

The origin:

Historians believe that the original people of Andhra Pradesh were Aryans. They migrated to the south of Vindhyas and there they mixed up with other races. A major part of Emperor Ashoka’s kingdom, Andhra Pradesh was an important Buddhist center of that time. Several places in the state still bears the traces of the Buddhist culture and influence.

The earlier period:

The Satavahana dynasty is perhaps the earliest dynasty that ruled in Andhra Pradesh. This was during the second century B.C and they were also known as the Andhras. Amravati, on the banks of river Krishna was their capital. They promoted national and international trade and were great followers of Buddhism. After the end of the Satavahana reign, the state was ruled by the Pallavas, the Chalukyas, the Cholas and the Kakaityas respectively. 

The period of Muslim expansion:

The Kakatiya dynasty was uprooted in 1323, following the capture of their ruler by Tughlak Sultan of Delhi. After the end of the Kakatiya dynasty, few local kingdoms rose to power in different parts of the kingdom. Among these, the Vijaynagar kingdom was the most powerful one. The great king Krishnadeva Raya belonged to that kingdom. After failing time and again against the Vijayanagar empire, the kingdom was finally captured by the Muslim invaders. In the middle of the 16th century, the state saw the emergence of the Qutb Shahi dynaty. They were defeated by the Mughals, to be precise by Aurangazeb’s son. In 1707, Hyderabad was declared independent and went under the rule of the Nizams. The Nizams were great allies of the British and they helped the Europeans to defeat Tipu Sultan of Mysore.

The post independence period:

After the Indian independence, Andhra Pradesh became the first state to be formed on the basis of language. The Telegu speaking people were given twenty one districts, out of which nine were in the Nizam’s Dominions and the rest in the Madras Presidency. However following an agitation in 1953, eleven districts of the Madras state were taken to form a new Andhra state with Kurnool as its capital. Nine districts under the Nizam were later added to form the enlarged state of Andhra Pradesh in 1956. Hyderabad became the capital of the state, which is one of the most technologically advanced cities of the modern India.

This is one of the south Indian states and is positioned in the coastal area towards the south eastern part of the country. Because of its location in the merging area of the Deccan plateau and the coastal plains, the state has got varied physical features. Being ruled by some of the famous dynasties in the historical times, this south Indian state is said to have a rich cultural heritage. Historically known as the “Rice Bowl of India”, this state has got a number of places of visit that are of historical importance.

(((( Geography of Andhra Pradesh:Kindly note that here in these details the Previous Andhra Pradesh details are there.Kindly exclude the details of the telangana.))))

The state is formed of two main topographic sections. The eastern part of the state is composed of the Deccan plateau and the Eastern Ghats. The northern part of the state is formed of the Telangana region, while the southern portion of the state is identified as Rayalaseema. The Rayalaseema and the Telangana region are delimited by River Krishna. The Telangana region will be formed into a separate state, post the bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh, and will be named as Telangana.

Geographically, the state is located in between the longitudes of 77° E and 84° 40′ E and the latitudes of 12° 41′ N and 22° N. Spread over an area of 2, 75, 045 sq. km., this is the 4th biggest state in the Indian sub-continent. This state of south India shares its borders with the state of Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Orissa towards its north, Karnataka towards its west and Tamil Nadu towards its south. The eastern side of the state is bordered by the huge water body of the Bay of Bengal though. Among the other states, which are situated on the country’s coastal area, Andhra Pradesh has got a coastline of around 972 km. that makes it possess the 2nd longest coastline in the nation.

The state includes the eastern part of Deccan plateau as well as a considerable part of the Eastern Ghats. The entire state is divided into the following 3 distinct regions: Telangana Region, Rayalaseema Region, Coastal Andhra Region.

The northern side of the Deccan plateau is marked as the Telangana region, while the southern side is known as the Rayalaseema region. River Krishna separates these two regions from each other. The other rivers flowing through the state are Godavari and Penner. The coastal area of the state is mostly formed by the deltas of these rivers of Andhra Pradesh. 

Depending on their geographical location, the climate of the respective regions is featured with considerable variations. The summer season in this state, generally, stretches from the month of March to June. The coastal areas have got comparatively high temperature than the other parts of the state. The average temperature ranges from 20° C to 41° C. The summer is followed by the monsoon season, which starts during July and continues till September, when the heavy rainfall is received by the state from the south west monsoon. The north east monsoon contributes to around one third of the annual rainfall. This monsoon, usually, occurs during the months of October and November. Featured by tropical rains, this season plays a vital role in the identification of the nature of the state’s climatic conditions. The period in between November and February is said to be the winter season in Andhra Pradesh. The winter temperature is not too cold and ranges in between 12° C to 30° C.

History of Andhra Pradesh:

Starting from the 300 B. C. E., the entire history of this state can be divided into 3 periods, which are mentioned as Ancient Period, Medieval Period, Modern Period.

The first records about the history of the state are found in the Anguttara Nikaya, which is a Buddhist text. As per that text, the kingdoms of Andhras were established on the river bank of Godavari. Mention about the districts of Adilabad and Nizamabad of the Telangana region are found in the Mahajanapada (700 B. C. E. – 300 B. C. E.). In the 13th rock edict, Ashoka referred the Andhras as his subordinates. Apart from that, mention about this state was even done in the Aitareya Brahmana as Dakshina Padh that dates back to around 800 B. C. Dakshina Padh used to be the habitat of many sects like Andhras, Sabaras, Pulindas etc. The state emerged to political power in the time of the Maurya rule. During his visit to India in between 322 B. C. and 297 B. C. in the Chandragupta Maurya’s court, Megasthenes mentioned that Andhra had 30 towns as well as an army that comprised of 1, 000 elephants, 2, 000 cavalry and 1, 00, 000 infantry. By the 1st Century A. D., the major portion of the Deccan Plateau was taken over by the flourishing empire of the Satvahanas. Post that, the famous Chalukyas ruled the area in between the period of the 7th Century and the 10th Century. This period was followed by the reign of many other dynasties such as the Cholas, the Kakatiyas as well as the Vijayanagar Empire. The strong foothold of the dynasty of Qutab Shahis was established in the 16th Century in and around the present capital city of Hyderabad. Even during the time of French rule and British rule, the Nizams used to rule the Hyderabad city.

The date of 1st October, 1953 is marked as the date when Andhra Pradesh was made a separate state. During that time, the state had just 11 districts of the earlier state of Madras. Kurnool was made the then capital of Andhra Pradesh. As per the States Reorganization Act, Hyderabad, the princely state of the Nizam’s was amalgamated to this south Indian state on 1st November, 1956 and thus, Andhra Pradesh gained its final statehood. However, since the later part of 1960, the state has been witnessing several movements for the disintegration of this state of the Indian Republic into two parts of Andhra and Telengana. History in detail 

Centuries ago, Andhra Pradesh was a major Buddhist centre and part of Emperor Ashoka’s sprawling kingdom. Not surprisingly, traces of early Buddhist influence are still visible in several places in and around the state. After the death of Emperor Ashoka, the Satavahanas established their kingdom in this region. During the 7th century, the Chalukyas held sway over Andhra Pradesh until the 10th century, when the Cholas seized power. In the 14th century, Muslim power reached this southern state and for centuries ruled over this princely state, and finally was taken over by a General of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in 1713.

Climate:

Andhra Pradesh Climate is generally hot and humid. The major role in determining the climate of the state is played by South- West Monsoons. But the winters in Andhra Pradesh are pleasant. This the time when the state attracts most of its tourists. 

Summers in Andhra Pradesh last from the month of March to June. During these months the mercury level is quite high. In the coastal plain the summer temperatures are generally higher than the rest of the state. In summer temperature generally ranges between 20C and 40C At certain places the temperature as high as 45 degrees on a summer day.

July to September is the season for tropical rains in Andhra Pradesh. The state receives heavy rainfall during these months. About one third of the total rainfall in Andhra Pradesh is brought by the North- East Monsoons. Sometime around the month of October winter arrives in the state. October, November, December, January and February are the winter months in Andhra Pradesh. Since the state has a reasonably long coastal belt the winters are not much cold. The range of winter temperature is generally 13C to 30C.

You need to be well prepared with summer clothes in order to tour the state during the summer months. Andhra Pradesh Climate does not permit all sort of clothing. Cotton clothes are best suitable to cope with the Climate of Andhra Pradesh.

Since the Andhra Pradesh Climate is not much favorable during the major part of the year, so October to February is the best time to visit the state. )))))

The state is formed of two main topographic sections. The eastern part of the state is composed of the Deccan plateau and the Eastern Ghats. The northern part of the state is formed of the Telangana region, while the southern portion of the state is identified as Rayalaseema. The Rayalaseema and the Telangana region are delimited by River Krishna. The Telangana region formed into a separate state.

Present Details after Division of A.P as.. Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states.

Andhra Pradesh is a state in India, situated on the country’s south eastern coast. The state is known for crafting of stones, doll-making, carving of idols, beautiful paintings, folk dances like Yaksha Ganam, Urumula Natyam, Ghato Natyam; festivals like Sankranthi, Dasara,Varalakshmi, Deepavali, Nagula Chaviti and delicacies like attu, dosas, ulavacharu and payasam.

The northern area of Andhra Pradesh is mountainous. The highest peak Mahendragiri rises 1,500 m above the sea level. The climate is generally hot and humid. Annual rainfall is 125 cm. The Krishna and Godavari are the major rivers in the state.

Andhra Pradesh has a single-chamber Legislative Assembly of 175 seats. Till date, the state sent 60 members to the Indian national parliament, 11 to the Rajya Sabha (upper house) and 25 to the Lok Sabha (lower house).

The state of Andhra Pradesh has been bifurcated and a state called Telangana has been carved out of it. The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 bill was passed in February 2014, in favour of the formation of the state of Telangana, which comprise of 10 districts from north-western Andhra Pradesh. The new state came into existence from 2 June 2014 as the 29th state of India, after the President of India’s approval. Hyderabad was declared to remain the capital of both the states for ten years. However, the Andhra Pradesh government proposed a new capital for the state in Vijaywada region.

History:

Centuries ago, Andhra Pradesh was a major Buddhist centre and part of Emperor Ashoka’s sprawling kingdom. Not surprisingly, traces of early Buddhist influence are still visible in several places in and around the state. After the death of Emperor Ashoka, the Satavahanas established their kingdom in this region. During the 7th century, the Chalukyas held sway over Andhra Pradesh until the 10th century, when the Cholas seized power. In the 14th century, Muslim power reached this southern state and for centuries ruled over this princely state, and finally was taken over by a General of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in 1713.

Andhra Pradesh is one of the state of the country, which takes pride in its rich historical and cultural heritage. A peek into the History of Andhra Pradesh can give an idea of the glorious past the state has witnessed. The brief history of Andhra Pradesh can be classified into four prime periods.

The origin:

Historians believe that the original people of Andhra Pradesh were Aryans. They migrated to the south of Vindhyas and there they mixed up with other races. A major part of Emperor Ashoka’s kingdom, Andhra Pradesh was an important Buddhist center of that time. Several places in the state still bears the traces of the Buddhist culture and influence.

The earlier period:

The Satavahana dynasty is perhaps the earliest dynasty that ruled in Andhra Pradesh. This was during the second century B.C and they were also known as the Andhras. Amravati, on the banks of river Krishna was their capital. They promoted national and international trade and were great followers of Buddhism. After the end of the Satavahana reign, the state was ruled by the Pallavas, the Chalukyas, the Cholas and the Kakaityas respectively. 

The period of Muslim expansion:

The Kakatiya dynasty was uprooted in 1323, following the capture of their ruler by Tughlak Sultan of Delhi. After the end of the Kakatiya dynasty, few local kingdoms rose to power in different parts of the kingdom. Among these, the Vijaynagar kingdom was the most powerful one. The great king Krishnadeva Raya belonged to that kingdom. After failing time and again against the Vijayanagar empire, the kingdom was finally captured by the Muslim invaders. In the middle of the 16th century, the state saw the emergence of the Qutb Shahi dynaty. They were defeated by the Mughals, to be precise by Aurangazeb’s son. In 1707, Hyderabad was declared independent and went under the rule of the Nizams. The Nizams were great allies of the British and they helped the Europeans to defeat Tipu Sultan of Mysore.

The post independence period:

After the Indian independence, Andhra Pradesh became the first state to be formed on the basis of language. The Telegu speaking people were given twenty one districts, out of which nine were in the Nizam’s Dominions and the rest in the Madras Presidency. However following an agitation in 1953, eleven districts of the Madras state were taken to form a new Andhra state with Kurnool as its capital. Nine districts under the Nizam were later added to form the enlarged state of Andhra Pradesh in 1956. Hyderabad became the capital of the state, which is one of the most technologically advanced cities of the modern India.

Education:

The literacy rate in Andhra Pradesh is 67.4 per cent as per the 2011 Census. There are number of government and private schools in the state. The schools in the state are either affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) or ICSE or state board. There are many higher educational institutes in Andhra including many universities and research centres. These institutions provide professional education in the fields of humanities, engineering, law, business etc. National Atomic Research Organisation and School of Planning and Architecture are major research institutions in the state which are set up by the government.

Government and Politics:

There are 175 Vidhan Sabha seats and 75 members in the Vidhan Parishad in Andhra Pradesh. From Andhra Pradesh, there are 11 members in Rajya Sabha and 25 in the Lok Sabha. Presently, there are 13 districts in Andhra Pradesh. There have been several governments which ruled in Andhra Pradesh. The Indian National Congress ruled the state till 1982. N. Chandrababu Naidu is the current Chief Minister of the state. Naidu held a record for serving as the Chief Minister for the longest tenure in the state i.e., from 1995 to 2004. Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy is the first Chief Minister of the state who also became the President of India. There are many political parties like Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS), Telegu Desam Party (TDP), and Indian National Congress (INC) etc. but presently TDP is the ruling party in the state.

Transport:

The bus service in the state is managed by the Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation which operates thousands of buses all over the state. The buses ply in different parts of the state including villages as there is a huge network of roads which offer feasibility and connectivity to different parts of the state. A wide railway network which offers several express and passenger trains connects the state with almost every part of the country. The airports in the state provide airlines services to domestic as well as international destinations. The government is planning to set up more airports in the state so as to improve connectivity. There are also some seaports in the state which are useful for trade and commerce.

Economy and Infrastructure:

Agriculture is the most important sector of Andhra Pradesh’s economy. About 70% of the population is engaged in agriculture, and the state is one of India’s main rice-producing areas. The main crops are rice, maize, millets, pulses, castor, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, groundnut and bananas. The covered forest area in the state is about 23%, and important forest products include teak, eucalyptus, cashew, bamboo and soft wood. Some of the major industries in the state are machine tools, synthetic drugs, pharmaceuticals, heavy electrical machinery, ships, fertilizers, electronic equipment, aeronautical parts, cement and cement products, chemicals, asbestos, glass and watches.

The “Economy of Andhra Pradesh” is known for its stability and consistency. Andhra Pradesh is blessed with a very strong economic structure which is heavily dependent on “Agriculture” and “Livestock”. The South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh is primarily an agricultural state that earns a large portion of the state revenue from the agricultural products. In the recent years, the farmers of the state have also engaged themselves in an additional business of Rearing of Cattle which has also turned out to be a very profitable business for the cultivators. 

The Government of Andhra Pradesh has taken several significant steps to elevate the condition of the farmers and enhance the agricultural productivity of the state. The Department of Agriculture organizes many workshops for the cultivators to share the various modern techniques of cultivating quality agricultural products. The Department provides the farmers with high yielding variety of crops, pesticides, and insecticides to protect the crops from diseases. The main agricultural products of Andhra Pradesh includes rice, wheat, jowar, bajra, maize, minor millets, coarse grain, many varieties of pulses, oilseeds, sugarcane and cotton. 

The state earns a considerable amount of profit from the “Livestock” business which involves nurturing and rearing of cattle in an enclosed area for commercial purposes. The Department of Agriculture takes care of the needs of the owners of the “farms” that houses many domesticated animals. The Government of Andhra Pradesh organize many workshops for the owners to enlighten them on the various modern methods of rearing animals in a sophisticated and healthy way. 

Andhra Pradesh is one of the economically sound state of India which draws a substantial amount of profit from “Agriculture” and “Livestock”.

Agriculture:

Agriculture is the backbone of the economic structure of Andhra Pradesh. Most of the people of the state are cultivators who earn their living by cultivating the lands of their forefathers. In order to increase the production of the agricultural goods, the Government of Andhra Pradesh has established a separate “Department of Agriculture” to extend a helping hand to the farmers of the state. The department imparts modern technical knowledge to the farmers to enhance the agricultural productivity. 

Important Agricultural Crop of Andhra Pradesh:

Andhra Pradesh is blessed with a suitable weather to produce varieties of crops. The farmers of Andhra Pradesh practice multiple cropping pattern to increase the growth of the agricultural production.

Some of the important crops that are grown in abundance in the state are:

Rice- Andhra Pradesh had produced 12458 tonnes of rice

Wheat- The state had cultivated 8000 tonnes of wheat

Jowar- The state had produced 619 (in thousand) tonnes of Jowar

Bajra-Andhra Pradesh had grown 149 (in thousand) tonnes of Bajra

Maize- The state had grown 1581 tonnes of Maize

Minor Millets-Andhra Pradesh had produced 39 (in thousand) tonnes of Minor Millets

Coarse Grain- The state had grown 2508 tonnes of Coarse Grain(All the figures are of the year 2000-2001)

Minerals and Energy:

This state, located towards the southern part of India, is pivot for the prosperity of the industrial sector in the region. The state is quite rich in mineral resources, which in turn helps in the economical growth of this south Indian state. With its vast and varied mineral resources, Andhra Pradesh ranks 2nd in the nation in regards to mineral wealth. This state is famous for its engagement in the mining activities of different industrial minerals. 

To name a few of the most important minerals found in the state are barytes (97 %), calcite (75 %), garnet (23 %), feldspar (5 %), fuller’s earth (6 %), limestone (44 %) and vermiculite (27 %). Apart from these, the other minerals, which the state is rich in, are apatite, beach sands, bauxite, corundum, chromite, dolomite, granite, green quartz, kyanite, limekankar, limeshell, manganese, marble, mica, ochre, pyrophillite, quartz, shale, slate, steatite, tungsten and many more. 

Andhra Pradesh occupies the 2nd rank in the deposit and production of mica in India. Stretching over an area of around 1, 000 sq. km., the mica belt of this state is said to be the 2nd largest mica belt of the country. This state on the south east coast of the Indian Republic, has got immense potential for under tapped as well as untapped minerals such as bauxite, dolomite, limestone, coal, oil, diamonds, natural gas, semi-precious stones, tungsten, beach sands, base metals, iron ore, gold, granite and clay. The Government of Andhra Pradesh invites and encourages offers to be taken on all of these potential minerals.

Tourism:

Temples, museums, heritage hotels and wildlife sanctuaries adorn the contours of Andhra Pradesh tourism. Dominated by a regal past, the state of Andhra Pradesh is a live manifestation of a multi-dimensional scenic pleasure. Attracting tourists from all over the world, the place is a thriving hub of exotic splendors.

Derived from the ancient civilization of sixth century BC, the state today bears the historical imprints of the bygone era. Be it the beaches, the mystique fort and the serene valleys, or be it the holy temples, Buddhists refuges and bustling cities, Andhra Pradesh is always way ahead in captivating traveler’s imagination with its rich reserve of aesthetic assets. 

The magnanimity of touristy places literally opens a window of options in front of the tourists. The wide gamut of unique features that enrich the tourism industry of Andhra Pradesh include:

Tirupati – the world famous holy shrine of Lord Venkateswara surrounded by lush green splendors

Hyderabad – popular for the extensive advancement and establishment of Information Technology companiesand a haven of authentic pearls

Nagarjuna Sagar – houses the famous Nagarjuna dam and has a past of more than 1000 years

Warangal – famous for the archeological museum, rock garden, samskriti vihar, musical garden and planetarium

Vijaywada – known for the bhavani island, Gandhi hill monuments, Victoria jubilee museum, moghalrajapuram caves, prakasam barrage, St. Mary’s church and kanakadurga temple

Visakhapatnam – known as the port city of Andhra Pradesh and boasts of the araku valley, simhachalam temple, dolphin’s nose, rishikonda beach and Buddhists sites

Real Estate:

To provide a well-developed housing and allied infrastructure, various agents, builders and promoters are emerging on the Real Estate front of Andhra Pradesh. With advanced technological resources, state-of-the-part equipments and market-driven designing options, the Real Estate owners of the state present an all-encompassing housing solution.

With a special focus on industrial Estates, the builders of the state chalk out various architectural plans for residential plots, shopping complexes, office buildings, hotels and heritage edifices. From the assurance of best quality raw materials for construction purposes to affordable range of sophisticated apartments, the Real Estate agencies of Andhra Pradesh offer optimum building services to the prospective clients. 

Being a fast runner in the race of socio-economic development, Andhra Pradesh houses a diversified range of commercial corners that demand a well-built chain of support system. The Real Estate industry not only provide a customized building base to the existing and upcoming commercial sectors but also builds a long-lasting relationship with both the individual and the corporate client.

Fisheries:

Andhra Pradesh Fisheries contribute 10% of total fish and shrimp production of India. Accordinly, the government is focussed on developing this huge industry on a large scale. The convinient geographical location of this South Indian state allows marine fishing as well as inland fish production in Andhra Pradesh.The Value of marine products exports from India in 1998 was Rs. 4710 Crores among which the state alone contributed products of Rs. 2000 Crores.This data in itself explains the importance of fisheries in Andhra Pradesh.

Andhra Pradesh constantly tries to increase fish seed production and stocking.For this they are using modern equipments like including the use of satellite data for forecasting movement of Fish shoals. Fishery Rights have been implemented and the government is trying to inspire the labourers to follow scientific fishing techniques that would be promote sustainable development and would be beneficial to all concerned. Issue of separate licenses for fisherman in inland waters and marine fishing crafts are in process.

By 2020, Andhra Pradesh wishes to be a major exporter and provider of highly nutritious food. The central coastal districts of the state have been concentrating on advanced methods of fish production and the farmers are getting encouraged to convert agricultural lands into fresh water fishponds to obtain better yields and also to make full use of fresh water.

Apart from fishing, Andhra Pradesh government is also inspiring to develop economically in other ways. Accordingly, the fisheries are developing as sites for recreation amidst the scenic beauty. Activities like boat riding in lakes and reservoirs, establishment of Angling clubs, ornamental fish and aquariums and construction of marine parks are upcoming for additional income.

Banking & Finance:

Banking & Finance sector of Andhra Pradesh constitute the key commercial activities that enhance the growth and stability of the state’s economy. The spectrum of the sectors range from core Banking transactions like deposit and withdrawal to financial operations like retail Banking, loans and investments schemes.

The Banking sector comprises of a widespread network of branches and counters from where the facilities of monetary transactions are offered to the people. From commercial companies to individuals, the government recognized and private Banks of the place provide prompt, efficient and accurate services to all. Some of the important Banking institutions that dominate the fiscal structure of Andhra Pradesh are:

Andhra Bank, State Bank of India, Allahabad Bank, Bank of Baroda, BM Deena Bank, Balaji Urban co-operative Bank.

The Finance sector of Andhra Pradesh is involved in improvement of the poor financial scenario of the rural corners of the place. The State Financial Corporation comprises of a number of Finance companies that offer convenient monetary services especially to the less privileged section of the society. With diverse range of flexible deposit schemes, these financial institutions also provide wide array of fiscal services to the local people. 

The co-operative financial organizations set up in both the urban as well as rural parts of the state helps in strengthening the core base of the economic infrastructure. The sole aim of all the Banks & Financial institutions is to promote the existing industries and improve the living standards of individuals of the place.

Collectively, the Banking & Finance industry of Andhra Pradesh work towards the betterment of the economic viability of the state.

Society, Art and Culture:

Over 85% of the population of Andhra Pradesh speaks Telugu. Tamil is widely spoken in the extreme southern region, and on the border of Karnataka there are few Kanarese or Kannad speakers. In Hyderabad there are large numbers of Urdu speakers who make up about 7% of the state’s population. 

Hindu festivals such as Dasara, Deepavali, Sri Ramanavami, Krishna Janmastami, Vinayaka Chavithi (Ganesh Chaturthi) and Maha Sivarathri are celebrated in the State. Similarly, Muslim festivals such as Bakr-id and Id-ul-Fitr, and Christian festivals like Christmas, Easter and New Year’s Day are also celebrated with gaiety. But the celebrations of Ugadi (Telugu New Year’s day), Sankranti, Dasara, and Vinayaka Chavithi in the state are unique. 

Indian arts and crafts have made a distinction for themselves all over the world. These ancient skills have been learned and acquired by craftsmen from their forefathers and today it unfolds itself in a splendid variety of products, combining aesthetic appeal with utilitarian value. Each region of India marvels in handicrafts portraying the genius of its local craftsmen. Andhra Pradesh in the south has patronized itself in a host of arts and crafts that not only attract millions but earn the artisans a decent livelihood. The various forms of arts and crafts are aristocratic to this state and are not found anywhere else in India.

Kondapalli:

If any of the several head turning art and crafts of Andhra Pradesh is same popular with the adults and the children, it is the Kondapalli dolls. The Kondapalli dolls of Andhra Pradesh are light weighted wooden dolls, which come from a small village called Kondapalli in the vicinity of Vijayawada. The dolls are so adorable yet warm and realistic. The faces of the figures are extremely expressive and the subjects are taken from our life. Soft Poniki wood is used to create these dolls and toys, which depicts everyday scenes, figures of deities, animals, birds and mythological characters.

The Kondapalli dolls are mainly based on village life, its incidents and characters. The popularity of this fantastic craft work has reached the foreign shores also, the main reason being its flexibility. The process of making these dolls and toys commence with the seasoning of the wood. Carvings are done separately on independent units, which are then joined to the body. An adhesive paste of tamarind seeds is used for the pasting purpose further coated with lime glue. Then the painting is done with special brushes made with goat’s hair. The entire process is long enough and the artisans carry on with the work very patiently. Some of the toys and dolls are also made of a mixture of sawdust, cow dung and clay. The Kondapalli dolls is one such item, that you will readily agree to your children’s request to buy it for them.

Decorative hand crocheted lace:

The Decorative hand-crocheted lace work of Andhra Pradesh is a kind of handicraft, which is one of the most contemporary handicrafts of the state. This type of decorative art is prominent in the Narsapur and Palakollu of West Godavari district. The Decorative hand-crocheted lace work is widely used to design dining mats. It is also used to beautify bedsheets, pillow covers, telephone covers, wall hangings, tea cozy, dressing table mats and curtains.

The popular Decorative hand-crocheted lace work of Andhra Pradesh are made with slender threads woven with the help of stainless steel crochet needles, which comes in different sizes. This form of craft work was brought in by a Scottish couple and their contributions have inspired thousands of women in Narsapur and Palakollu regions. Today the number of artisans involved in Decorative hand-crocheted lace manufacturing has touched 1,25,000 of which most are women. The exquisite lace works come in vibrant colors like green, pink and mustard. However white and beige are the most commonly used color. Round, oval, square, oblong or rectangle – the lace works are found in various shapes. Frocks, waist coats, skirts, dupattas and other garments adorned with the lace works are a big hit with the young brigade. You just can not resist the attraction of the Decorative hand-crocheted lace work of Andhra Pradesh and you will see yourself buying at least one of the excellent examples of the beautiful craft work.

Banjara Embroidery:

The Kuchipudi dance originated in the Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh. It derived its name from its originating place, the village called Kuchelapuri or Kuchelapuram. The dance form is known for its grace, elegance and beauty. Around 300 B. C., it developed and from then the art form is continuously evolving and has become the living tradition of the region. During its birth it was performed by the male members of the Brahmin community.

Kuchipudi is a perfect blend of music and abhinaya. The dance form of Kuchipudi is accompanied by musical instruments like Mridangam, Manjira (Thalam), Vina, Violin, Kanjira, Surpeti, Venu and Tanpura. While performing the Kuchipudi dancers use quick rhythmical footwork and artistic body movements. It is accompanied by Carnatic music which add to its beauty. They perform using stylistic hand gestures and body movements including vivid expressions and with more realistic acting. At times the dancers even speak dialogue to give it a dramatic effect.

The themes of Kuchipudi dance are largely derived from Indian scriptures and mythology. Some of the mythological characters are very famous like Satyabhama, second wife of Lord Krishna. Another distinctive feature of Kuchipudi is the Tarangam. In it the dancer performes by balancing on the edges of a brass plate. The dancer carries out elaborated rhythmic forms with extreme dexterity. At times they even balance a pot of water on their head. The three aspects of dance- Nritta, Nritya and Natya, has been appropriately blended in Kuchipudi.

Kalamkari Paintings:

Out of the many beautiful forms of handicrafts, the Kalamkari in Andhra Pradesh has always been favorite with the art and craft lovers. The Kalamkari craft of Andhra Pradesh involves the art of printing and painting of fabrics. This is a rare kind of art, which uses a Kalam or quill, from which it has earned its name and also vegetable dyes. It is exclusively found in the Machilipatnam and Srikalahasti areas of the state. However the areas have distinct styles of their own. While artists in Machilipatnam use designs carved in wooden blocks for printing, the Srikalahasti style uses the wax process to fill in the colors after drawing the outlines with the quill. 

All the colors and dyes, which are used in the Kalamkari craft style are made of natural products. The printing process of Kalamkari is very delicate and time taking as it involves not less than twelve different stages. Kalamkari is mostly used in wall decorations and clothes. It is highly inspired by the Persian patterns and motifs. The art form of Kalamkari usually showcases mythological figures and stories. Stories of the epics like Ramayana, Mahabharata and Shiv Puranas are also depicted on the fabrics. The origin of Kalamkari dates back to the 10th century when it was derived as the result of trade relations between the Indian and Persian merchants. Kalamkari is one of the most traditional Indian handicrafts and you should not miss to bring home a ‘piece’ of this tradition in your next Andhra Pradesh visit.

Butta Bommalu:

Butta Bommalu is a popular dance form in the state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the foster child of the West and East Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh. The name Butta Bommalu literally means puppets made in the form of basket. Butta Bommalu or the basket puppets are made out of thin bamboo strips. These strips are woven into the shape of long spherical basket figures.

The performer of Butta Bommalu gets into the huge, hollow figure, the puppet. The performance starts with the dancer moving to the rhythm of four dappus, a musical instrument. It is generally performed in the open space. The puppet-figure is about eight feet tall and it has a radius of three feet. The figure is hollow at the bottom it is from there that the performer gets into the puppet. The puppet is tied down to the performer’s waist and shoulders.

Being made out of bamboo strips, the figures are very light. It becomes very easy for the performer to carry the figure easily. A paste of tamarind seeds is applied on the structure made of bamboo strips. Then, different bright colors are used to make the puppets look attractive. 

In this incredible form of puppet dance, the puppets are adorned with appropriate costumes. Highlights in any religious procession, these huge dancing figures are a special attraction in the festivities in Andhra Pradesh.

The figures resemble different legendary heroes, the most popular of them being Rama, Hanumana, Satyabhama, Shakti, Krishna etc. It also depends on the festival during which Butta Bommalu is performed.

Lambadi:

Andhra Pradesh occupies an eminent place in the classical dance forms of India. Apart from the classical dances, it is also known for its tribal dances. Some of the popular tribal folk dances of Andhra Pradesh are Bathakamma, Gobbi, Mathuri, Dhamal, Dandaria, Dappu, Vadhyam etc. Lambadi dance is a tribal dance of Andhra Pradesh.

Lambadi is related to the Lambadi tribe, who lead a semi-nomadic life in Andhra Pradesh. The Lambadi tribe lives all over the state. They are popularly known as Banjaras or Sugalis. The dancers perform this dance to rejoice an abundant harvest or a good sowing season. They dress themselves in brass anklets, bangles, embellished jewelry and glass beads. The day to day tasks of a farmer, like reaping, harvesting, planting, sowing etc. are represented in the Lambadi Dance. During the festivals like Dussehra, Deepavali and Holi these tribal people move from one house to another dancing and receiving alms.

The Lambadi dancers dress up in gaudy dresses by wearing long colorful skirts decorated with mirrors and white broad bone bracelets covering their arms. An interesting fact about the dance form is that it is monopolized by women. It is permeated with fervent grace and lyricism. The subtle sensuality of the dancers make it more appealing. The rhythm and the coordination among the dancers is worth mentioning.

Bidri:

The complicated and the very beautiful Bidriware was developed during the gothic times. Bidriware was originated in the 14th century C.E., during the reign of the Bahamani Sultans. The term ‘Bidriware’ arises from the township of Bidar, which is still the head centre for the manufacture of the antique metal work. Bidriware is an important export handicraft of India and is seen as a symbol of wealth because of its striking inlay artwork. The origin of Bidriware is usually ascribed to the Bahamani sultans who ruled Bidar between the 13th and the 15th centuries. The Sultan invited Abdullah bin Kaiser, a craftsman from Iran to work on embellishing the royal palaces and courts; which he did by joining hands with local craftsmen and thus gave birth to Bidriware. Since then, the local Muslim and Lingayat sects have been handed down the art in order to succeed generations.

The method of Bidri making had its origins in Persia, Iranians and Syrians. However, BIDRI is a specialized metal handcraft manufactured in Andhra Pradesh. The basic material used in order to make this craft is an alloy of 6% copper and 94% zinc. After the molding is done, the required article is then filed and the surface is smoothened, followed by the design sketching and engraving on the same. Into the engraved design, pure silver wires and sheets are inlaid by hammering them and the item is then filed, polished, buffed, and oxidized.

A distinguished form of earth from the fort at Bidar is used in order to oxidize the article which leads to the alloy surface becoming jet-black and the silver remaining as it is, when the article is dipped into the boiled solution. The article is finally coated with coconut or groundnut oil and is finally polished with a soft cloth.

Bidri are the works of art that involves extreme adroitness and patience on the part of the craftsman who devotes his/her diligent craftsmanship in the procedure of structuring it. This style of encrusted metal-work in which one metal is inlaid or overlaid on another metal requires acute practice, skillfulness and presence of mind. Behind the breathe-taking bidri crafts are the hard-working hours and struggling efforts of Hyderabadi artisans. Different kinds of bidri designs are decorated on items that include elephant figures, plates, bowls, huqqa bases, jewellery, ash-trays, trinket boxes etc. besides other work of art. So as to memorize its worth for years to come tourists from all over the world make it a point of acquiring it and considered it an exciting piece of art and a worthy gifting item. The Bidri designs are basically designs such as the Asharfi-ki-booti, stars, vine creepers and stylized poppy plants with flowers while the traditional designs include the Persian Rose and passages from the Quran in Arabic script. Thus, one should never miss the chance of visiting Hyderabad, which is the one-stop-destination of bidri-work and enjoy it’s distinguish class and sophistication that has a mix of both modern and traditional India.

Nirmal Paintings:

Adding to the list of the envious collection of fascinating art and craft forms, the Nirmal Paintings of Andhra Pradesh holds a significant position in the art and handicraft sector of the state. The exquisite traditional art form of Nirmal Paintings has earned its name from the Nirmal town in Adilabad district, where it is mostly seen. The Artists are also present in the adjuscent districts of the adilabad including 

North coastal Andhra:

The community of craftsmen who are engaged with the traditional art form of Nirmal paintings are known as Nakkash. They usually depict the scenes from Hindu epics of Ramayana, Mahabharata and other historical and mythological stories. This form of art received great patronage from the Mughal rulers, who were captivated by its beauty. Later on, Lady Hydri promoted Nirmal paintings in Hyderabad by bringing in experts craftsmen to the city.

The uniqueness of Nirmal paintings is in the products that are used. The colors and dyes applied in these paintings are indigenous natural products made from gums, minerals and herbs. The widely used golden color are extracts or juice of different herbs. In recent time a change in the subjects can be noticed. Many painters of today are not contended with drawing from epics only but they are exploring the styles of Old Indian schools of paintings.

Be a epic scene or an old school style, an example of the Nirmal paintings on the wall will surely enhance the beauty of your room. 

Kolattam:

The leader of the group controls the troupe and is known as Pennuddi or Kolanna Pantulu or Garuva. A couple of players is called Uddi, among the two one is called Rama and the next one is known as Lakshmana. Kolattam begins with the formation of a big circle consisting of all the members of the troupe, which later splits into two, one within the other. The leader of the troupe of Kolattam is accompanied by the Mridangam, flute, harmonium and cymbal players, who stand in the middle of the internal circle. Each performer holds up two sticks one in each hand that are decorated with colored strings or bells at its end.

The various steps that are included in Kolattam is called Kopulu. 50 types of kopulu are commonly used in this folk dance. When the leader signals, pairs of dancers in the circle start moving offering a prayer to Lord Ganesha. Then a song is begun by the leader by crying out the rhythm of Etlugada. Different verses and beats are used in the songs including prayers, duets, or tales expressing Bhakti, Sringara, Karuna and Virarasa. 

Bhamakalpam:

Andhra Pradesh is known for its rich culture, who has presented a huge range of performing arts, including dance, drama and music all over the world. Praised from centuries in India, dance has been one of the most interesting forms of performing art. Bhamakalpam is one such dance form which is basically originated from Kuchipudi dance form. In Bhamakalpam, Bhama refers to Satyabhama who was lord Krishna’s alluring but envious wife and kalpam translates to complaint or argument. The dance form is dedicated to the time when Lord Krishna and Radha shared an idealistic relationship. Lord Krishna’s wife Bhama, always used to mistrust him, because of his close relationship with Radha. She always used to feel insecure and envious towards Radha and used to fight with her husband regarding the same. The story revolves round the quarrel between Satyabhama and Krishna. Lord Krishna in order to tease her looks into the mirror and asks her who is beautiful between him and her. Satyabhama forgets that it is Lord Krishna who is incomparable in beauty and announces herself as the most beautiful one. To which Krishna gets offended and leaves the palace. Satyabhama realizes and begs her confidante Madhavi to bring her lord back. Finally she writes a letter and sends it with Madhavi. In the end seeing Satyabhama’s repentance, Lord Krishna forgives her and they are once again united.

Bhamakalpam is both a theatre and a drama form of dance style which was created by Siddhendra Yogi in the 17th century for the holy use of Kuchipudi artists. A fine example of the feminine movements in dance, the theatre is performed by several groups in Andhra Pradesh which is contrasted to the masculine tandava movements of Kathakali and Yakshagana.

Affecting the minds of audience by its direct moral appeal, Bhamakalpam is a kind of traditional dance-drama which is simpler in its thematic development. Also termed as one-act play in folk form, it is a mono-play, displaying one main person and another less important than him. The show starts with each character taking entry on the stage with a self-introductory paragraph, while running commentary on the sequences is conducted by the Sutradhar and the dramatic gaps left are filled by the main character. Mainly emphasizing on Sattvikabhinaya with “Sringar” or “Bhakti” rasa, it is a short running play in which the main character narrates his or her experiences, while the other one encourages by asking questions and making comments. The dance is accompanied by song which is basically carnatic music sung with mridangam, violin, flute and the tambura. ‘Boorugu’ is a lightweight wood which artists use as an ornament while performing Bhamakalpam.

Bhamakalpam is performed in a series of dances accompanied by classical music with an aim to retain the sanctity of dance from prostitute-dancers. For doing that Siddhendra Yogi trained a whole group of boys, chosen from Brahmin community and directed into this form of art. However, now-a-days the art has been governed by women. Later on, Bhamakalpam collected more praises and attained classical heights in the field of classical dance forms.

Veeranatyam:

Veeranatyam, which means the “Dance of the Brave”, is a traditional form of dance, which belongs to Andhra Pradesh, a state located at the south eastern coastal areas of India. This dance form is associated with religious significance. Like any other dance form of this state of the country, Veeranatyam even includes a variety of colorful costumes as well as different kinds of musical instruments. The main characteristic features of this dance pattern are the dex-ter-ous move-ments of hands and other skill-ful steps.

History behind Veeranatyam:

The name of this form of dance is found in the mythology of the Hindu religion. As per that mythological belief, God Shiva got furious after Sati Devi, His wife was humiliated. Outraged at that humiliation, God Shiva picked out “Jatajuta”, a relic from His hair that created Veerabhadra. The extreme anger of Him was portrayed by the performance of a vigorous dance, which is believed to be the cause of destruction of the “Dakshayagna Vatika”, which was the location of the function, where the wife of God Shiva was humiliated. To justify the reason, it was named as “Veeranatyam”. However, it is called the “Dance of Destruction or Pralayam” as well.

In this Indian state, initially, this dance form originated as one of the rituals that were performed in the honor of God Shiva in the different Shiva temples located there. Veerabhadra’s followers, in particular the community of Veeramusti or Veerabhadriya residing in the state, are famous for performing Veeranatyam. Veerabhadriyas or Veeramustis claim themselves to be the Veerabhadra’s descendant. Thus, this dancing style is even called Veerabhadra Natyam, which is performed by people from Draksharama, which is located at the eastern bank of the Godavari River. Apart from that, the other areas known for performing this style of dance are the western side of the river Godavari, Kurnool, Anantapur, Khammam and Warangal.

Stages of Veeranatyam:

This dance pattern, mainly performed by male dancers, has got 3 distinctive stages that are mentioned below:

1st Stage: The dance starts with holding a big plate, named as “Veerabhadra Pallem”, which bears camphor fire and is being carried to the elbows from the palms. Till the fire gets extinguished, the dance is performed vigorously to the rhythm of the percussion instruments. A part of this stage is even occupied by a recital called ‘Khadgalu’, where a priest brandishes a huge sword that represents Veerabhadra.

2nd Stage: This stage is featured with the holding of a long holy pole, which is marked with sacred ash or Vibhuti that symbolizes the ‘Dhwaja Sthamba’. Bells are tied to the top most part of those sacred poles.

3rd Stage: In this stage, the performers dance with tridents and spears into their tongue, hands and ankles. This is known as ‘Narasam’. Dressed in knee length colorful dhotis along with waist sashes and smeared with sacred ash, these performers end the dance. The main instrument used here is the war drum or “Veeranam”. The other musical instruments accompanying this one are Dolu, Soolam, Thambura and Thasha.

BurraKatha:

BurraKatha is a form of storytelling with the help of drumming instruments and chime and includes a group that comprises of minimum of three minstrels (one main performer and two co-performers) who are specifically trained in family tradition. It is one of the most famous kind of fictive pleasure in the state of Andhra Pradesh as the stories and the songs are dedicated to freedom fighters which belong mostly of Andhra Pradesh itself.

The word ‘burra’ translates to ‘tambura’, which is a stringed instrument attired beyond the right shoulder of the artist, whereas ‘Katha’ refers to a story. Burra translates to skull in Telugu which is formed out of baked clay, dried pumpkin or of brass and copper; the shell portrays a human skull. This musical instrument looks alike veena and to get music out of it, the performer has to pull and press the strings. In this melodramatic style, a narrator along with his partner gives the performances for two or three days by singing, dancing and describing a story amongst the people of the village. The performance commences when the main storyteller, also known as kathakudu, details the story by playing tambura and dancing to the music. The partners play gummeta, also known as dakki or budike, which are earthen drums with two heads. The right side artist, also known as hasyaka, acts as a joker and cracks jokes while the left side artist also called rajakiya, enacts as someone who knows about political and social issues. The partners always praise the kathakudu and interrupt him by asking doubts while performing. The kathakudu always begins with singing “vinara veera kumara veera gadha vinara” followed by the partners singing “tandhana tane tandhana na.”

Burrakatha has many local names associated with every region, for example- in the Coastal region it is called Jangam Katha, in Rayalaseema it is pronounced as Tandana katha or suddulu and in Telangana as Tamboora katha or sarada katha.

To go back to how it all started, it is believed that one fine day the forefathers of the Jangam tribe set out for a trip to forest in order to hunt for rats. While their search, Lord Shiva and his wife goddess Parvati saw them and their poor life. Watching their plight, goddess Parvati felt sorry for them and insisted upon Lord Shiva to help them. Before doing so, Lord Shiva decided to test them first and disguised himself as an old man and Goddess Parvati became a lovely young woman. When they went to these people to suggest them for a healthy living, the men humiliated and shoved the old man and the lady. By this behavior, Goddess Parvati got furious and cursed them to be beggars and wanderers and live in this way forever. This is how the people started burrakatha, in which they portray the stories of Lord Shiva in order to earn their bread and butter by begging. Thus, the word Jangama translates to “the adorer of God Shiva,” and “the one who wears linga”.

Kalamkari:

Out of the many beautiful forms of handicrafts, the Kalamkari in Andhra Pradesh has always been favorite with the art and craft lovers. The Kalamkari craft of Andhra Pradesh involves the art of printing and painting of fabrics. This is a rare kind of art, which uses a Kalam or quill, from which it has earned its name and also vegetable dyes. It is exclusively found in the Machilipatnam and Srikalahasti areas of the state. However the areas have distinct styles of their own. While artists in Machilipatnam use designs carved in wooden blocks for printing, the Srikalahasti style uses the wax process to fill in the colors after drawing the outlines with the quill.

All the colors and dyes, which are used in the Kalamkari craft style are made of natural products. The printing process of Kalamkari is very delicate and time taking as it involves not less than twelve different stages. Kalamkari is mostly used in wall decorations and clothes. It is highly inspired by the Persian patterns and motifs. The art form of Kalamkari usually showcases mythological figures and stories. Stories of the epics like Ramayana, Mahabharata and Shiv Puranas are also depicted on the fabrics. The origin of Kalamkari dates back to the 10th century when it was derived as the result of trade relations between the Indian and Persian merchants. Kalamkari is one of the most traditional Indian handicrafts and you should not miss to bring home a ‘piece’ of this tradition in your next Andhra Pradesh visit.

Dhimsa:

The Araku valley located in the Visakhapatnam district is mainly inhabited by Valmiki, Bagata, Khond and Rotia tribes. Dhimsa is a popular dance of these tribes, performed by tribal men and women. It is performed especially during the month of chaitra, which falls in March or April, according to Gregorian calendar, and also during weddings and other festivals. Eight types of Dhimsa dance are popular:

i. Boda Dimsa is performed to give tribute to the village goddess. While performing the dance, the dancers form two rows, men stand on the right side and women on the left side and hold each others hand firmly over their backs. The first member in the right row, holds a bunch of peacock feathers and moves in rhythmical steps and the last member in the left row unites him. After that all the dancers, move in zigzag motion similar to a serpent dance in a circle.

ii. In Gunderi Dimsa or ‘Usku Dimsa’ is a spirited and stimulating dance. The males and female dancers move forward and backwards with stiff steps, and then stride in a circle.

iii. The steps of Goddi Beta Dimsa dance involve bending over down and lifting up their heads, bowing down and going up with a swing. They move twenty-five steps forward and retreat in the same manner. This step is then repeated four to five times.

iv. Potar – Tola Dimsa dance signifies collecting leaves. The dancers are divided into two groups, the two two groups stand in two rows one beside the other and hold each others shoulders. The two rows of dancers march forward and backward by moving their heads right and left.

v. Through the Bhag Dimsa dance people are informed on how to evade from a tiger’s attack. The dancers stand on their toes, bending down and then raising their heads. They move around swiftly, and make a ‘serpent coil’.

vi. The valmiki and other tribals of the region perform Natikari Dimsa during festivals in general.

vii. The Kunda Dimsa dancers press on each others shoulders in the course of which they sing rhythmically.

viii. Baya Dimsa is performed by the tribal magician known as ‘gamachari’ when he is influenced by the divine power of the village goddess. When he is in trance, all the villagers encircle the magician and imitate him.

Language:

Telugu is the official language of Andhra Pradesh which was known as ‘Tenugu’ in the past. Urdu is the second widely spoken and hence the co-official language of Andhra. English, Hindi, Banjara are few of the other main languages spoken in the state. Telugu is ranked as the 15th widely spoken language in the world and ranks second after Hindi in India. Influenced by the Sanskrit language, it has been declared as the classical language. Tamil, Oriya and Kannada are also spoken in some parts of the state.

Tourism of Andhra Pradesh:

Andhra Pradesh is rich in historical monuments and many holy temples. Tirupati in the Chittoor district houses one of the most famous temples in India. The presiding deity is known as Venkateswara. The main temple is situated on a hill top, Tirumala, and is a masterpiece of south Indian architecture. 

The South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh presents one with an wide range of attractive tourist “Destinations” that enthralls and enchants the tourist. Andhra Pradesh is blessed with the bounty of nature that is very appealing to the tourist. The natural and scenic beauty of the place overwhelms the tourist and fills them with an utmost sense of satisfaction.

The “Port City” of “Vishakapatnam” attracts many tourists. Amidst the picturesque landscape of the place, Vishakapatnam is blessed with many attractive tourist spots that captures the imagination of the poet.

An important religious place for the Hindus, the holy land of “Tirupathi” draws several devotees through out the year to seek divine blessings of the Lord Venkateswara.

The scared land of the “Puttaparthy” is one of celebrated place for the Hindus who visit the place in search of solace and eternal happiness. The place of “Puttaparthy” is the birth place of the great religious leader of Sri Satya Sai Baba who is believed to be the re- incarnation of Sri Sai Baba of Shirdi in Maharashtra.

Discerning traveler finds a wide range of tourist attractions in Andhra Pradesh. The history of the region dates back to some 300 B.C. The numerous monuments, located all over the region, bear the legacy of the Mauryas, the Pallavas, the Cholas, the Satavahanas, the Chalukyas and the Vijayanagar – the several dynasties that ruled.

Caves and Valleys in Andhra Pradesh Araku Valley and Borra Caves, Vishakhapatnam. It is at an altitude of 3,100 feet on the Eastern Ghats at a distance of 112 km. from Visakhapatnam, the picturesque Araku Valley is popularly known as the Ooty of Andhra. A visitor to the valley will be greeted by smooth flowing silvery streams and 46 tunnels & bridges by a train journey. Traditional folk dances like the Dhimsa and Mayuri are still performed here by the native Adivasis. The biggest attraction of Araku valley is the Borra Caves. Located at 90 km away from Visakhapatnam, these one-million-year-old natural caves sprawl over an area of 2 square kilometers at a height 1400 feet above the sea level. The Gosthani River once upon a time flew over the limestone area. Due to the water pressure on the mineral deposits the limestone dissolved and gradually the caves were formed giving rise to interesting forms like a mushroom, a temple, a mosque, a church and many more.

Belum Caves, Nature A team of European speleologists led by Mr Gebaner in 1982 discovered Belum caves, which are the second largest natural caves in Indian Sub-continent after Meghalaya caves. Lying underground a flat agriculture field, these caves have 3 well-like cavities with the central one being the main entrance to the caves. The central one leads to the main entrance to the caves after a descent of 20 meters at the entrance. The 3229 meters long horizontal caves have long passages, spacious chambers, fresh water galleries and siphons inside, which make it a geological & archeological attraction across the globe.

Religious Centres in Andhra Pradesh.. Nagarjuna Konda, Nagarjunasagar. It is located at a distance of about 150 kms to the southeast of Hyderabad. Once upon a time this area was one of India’s richest Buddhist sites. Now it lies almost entirely under the Nagarjunasagar Dam. Statues, friezes, coins and jewellery were found during the excavation for the constructions of the dam, which are now housed in a museum on the island and give a fascinating insight into the daily lives of this ancient Buddhist centre. The monasteries and chaityas were reconstructed on top of a hill called Nagarjunakonda (konda is the Telegu word for hill), which rises from the middle of the lake. The area takes its name from the Buddhist monk, Nagarjuna, who lived around the turn of the 2nd century AD and was the exponent of the philosophy of sunyata (void).

Amaravati: An envouy of Emperor Ashoka, who went to propagate Buddhism in the region, laid the foundation of the Great Stupa at Amaravati the ancient Dhanyakataka. It has a brick-built circular vedica (drum) and platforms projecting in the four cardinal directions.  There is also a small Archaeological Museum on the site containing archaeological findings from the site.

Since ancient times Andhra Pradesh has been a rich site of Buddhism in India. From the ports of Andhra Pradesh Buddhism crossed the Bay of Bengal to spread in Sri Lanka and Burma. 

Lord Venkateswara Temple, Tirupati. This temple is probably the richest and most renowned temple in India. Tirumala can be approached only after crossing a range of hills of the Eastern Ghats. Almost all the kings from great dynasties of the southern peninsula – Pallavas, Pandyas, Cholas, Vijayanagar kings have revered and worshipped the presiding deity The Lord Venkateswara, also referred to as Lord of the Seven Hills. The temple, which is a magnificent example of Indian temple architecture, was developed mainly by the contributions made by kings during their rule. Some of the kings have their statues installed within the temple. There are a number of temples in and around Tirupati. Some of them are: Padmavati Devi Temple, Sri Govindarajaswami Temple, Kodandaramaswami Temple, Sri Kapileswaraswami Temple.

Beaches and waterfalls in Andhra Pradesh: There are quite a few beaches and spectacular waterfalls among the tourist attractions in Andhra Pradesh.  Beaches: Bapatla Beach (Suryalanka) Ramakrishna Beach Rishikonda Beach Waterfalls: Ethipothala Waterfalls, Kuntala Waterfalls, Pochera Waterfalls, Rampachodavaram.