IMPORTANT NOTE : * THIS IS AUTOMATIC TRANSLATION. THERE MAY BE SOME GRAMATICAL MISTAKES OR WRONG MEENING OF THE WORD OR PHRASE OR SENTENCE. SO UNDERSTAND THE MAIN POINTS OR THEMES.
Jammu and Kashmir – The Burning issue.
The Partition of India was the process of dividing the subcontinent along sectarian lines, which took place in 1947 as India had its independence from the British Raj.
When the British Planned and made an attempt to separate the Indians based on the Religion grounds to divide the state of Bengal along religious lines in 1905, the Indian National Congress (INC) lead huge protests against the plan. This sparked the formation of the Muslim League, which sought to guarantee the rights of Muslims in any future independence negotiations. Due to the British Plans united Indians are divided into two religious groups ultimately this was accelerated for separate country. And the British planned in such a way that continuous nonstop direct and indirect and hidden wars for decades and even for centuries should be there in the India by dividing the India as Pakistan and India on the religious basis. And it planned in such a way that the Pakistan country as two territory divisions (1,700 KM away from each) on either sides of the India. The division of the Bengal into two parts resulted in breaking of the back bones of the both Pakistan and India. — Maximum Jute agriculture sources are in West Bengal – where as – the Jute industries in the East Bengal (Now Bangladesh). After Independence due to the heavy produced jute the Agriculture in west Bengal was damaged because all jute industries are in (East Bengal) Pakistan. In the same way Majority of the Jute industries were closed due to the lack of the jute in the Pakistan. This was also resulted a heavy economical damage in both the countries.
Jammu and Kashmir – The Burning issue.
Although the Muslim League formed in opposition to the INC, and the British colonial government attempted to play the INC and Muslim League off one another, the two political parties generally cooperated in their mutual goal of getting Britain to “Quit India.” Both the INC and the Muslim League supported sending Indian volunteer troops to fight on Britain’s behalf in World War I; in exchange for the service of more than 1 million Indian soldiers, the people of India expected political concessions up to and including independence. However, after the war Britain offered no such concessions.
Jammu and Kashmir – The Burning issue.
In April of 1919, a unit of the British Army went to Amritsar, in the Punjab, to silence pro-independence unrest. The unit’s commander ordered his men to open fire on the unarmed crowd, killing more than 1,000 protesters. When word of the Amritsar Massacre spread around India, hundreds of thousands of formerly apolitical people became supporters of the INC and Muslim League.
In the 1930s, Mohandas Gandhi became the leading figure in the INC. Although he advocated a unified Hindu and Muslim India, with equal rights for all, other INC members were less inclined to join with Muslims against the British. because the Muslim League began to make plans for a separate Muslim state.
Jammu and Kashmir – The Burning issue.
World War II sparked a crisis in relations among the British, the INC and the Muslim League. The British expected India once again to provide much-needed soldiers and materiel for the war effort, but the INC opposed sending Indians to fight and die in Britain’s war. After the betrayal following World War I, the INC saw no benefit for India in such a sacrifice. The Muslim League, however, decided to back Britain’s call for volunteers, in an effort to curry British favor in support of a Muslim nation in post-independence northern India. The Muslim League’s leader,Muhammad Ali Jinnah, began a public campaign in favor of a separate Muslim state, while Jawaharlal Nehru of the INC called for a unified India.
Jammu and Kashmir – The Burning issue.
Jammu and Kashmir – The Burning issue.
As independence neared, the country began to descend towards a sectarian civil war. Although Gandhi implored the Indian people to unite in peaceful opposition to British rule, the Muslim League sponsored a “Direct Action Day” on August 16, 1946, which resulted in the deaths of more than 4,000 Hindus and Sikhs in Calcutta (Kolkata). This touched off the “Week of the Long Knives,” an orgy of sectarian violence that resulted in hundreds of deaths on both sides in various cities across the country.
Jammu and Kashmir – The Burning issue.
British applied its plan successfully. In February of 1947, the British government announced that India would be granted independence by June 1948. British original plan fired among the two religions in India. Formally Viceroy for India Lord Louis Mountbatten pleaded with the Hindu and Muslim leadership to agree to form a united country, but they could not. Only Gandhi supported Mountbatten’s position. With the country descending further into chaos, Mountbatten (British) acted like reluctantly agreed to the formation of two separate states, and moved the independence date up to August 15, 1947. It is a careful precautious step by the British to implement its plan In India. It suspected that if they delay the independence as stated in June 1948, both religious leaders may unite for the welfare of the country. Hence they preponed the Independence for the India by accepting the division of India in a dramatically way. The victims are both religions – Muslims and the Hindus. A permanent unsolved burning problem created by the British for leaving the British India and Pakistan.
Map of Hindusthan from around 600BC (or 2900BC), few centuries after the Mahabharat not to scale, and not 100% accurate- based part on fact and part on lore
Jammu and Kashmir – The Burning issue.
With the decision in favor of partition made, the parties next faced this nearly impossible task of fixing a border between the new states. The Muslims occupied two main regions in the north on opposite sides of the country, separated by a majority-Hindu section. In addition, throughout most of northern India members of the two religions were mixed together – not to mention populations of Sikhs, Christians and other minority faiths. The Sikhs campaigned for a nation of their own, but their appeal was denied. After Independence, Sikh Kingdom of Khalistan (Raj Karega Khalsa – separate country for the Sikhs ) Kalistan movement in India is the result of the partition based on the division of the Pakistan.
Jammu and Kashmir – The Burning issue.
In the wealthy and fertile region of the Punjab, the problem was extreme with a nearly-even mixture of Hindus and Muslims. Neither side wanted to relinquish this valuable land, and sectarian hatred ran high. The border was drawn right down the middle of the province, between Lahore and Amritsar. On both sides, people scrambled to get onto the “right” side of the border, or were driven from their homes by their erstwhile neighbors. At least 10 million people fled north or south, depending upon their faith, and more than one million were killed in the melee. Trains full of refugees were set upon by militants from both sides, and all the passengers massacred.
On August 14, 1947, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan was founded. The following day, the Republic of India was established to the south.
On January 30, 1948, Mohandas Gandhi was assassinated by a young (38 Years) Hindu radical Mr.Godse (RSS). He supported the multi-religious state. In Godse’s view, Gandhi was giving in to Muslim interests in ways that seemed unfair and anti-national. Godse rejected Gandhi’s philosophy, believing Gandhi repeatedly sabotaged the interests of Hindus by using the “fasting unto death” tactic on many issues. He shot Gandhi in the chest three times at point-blank range on 30 January 1948 in New Delhi during the evening prayer at 5:17 PM. Godse was sentenced to death on 8 November 1949 and was hanged a week later. Mr.Godse, the killer of Gandhi and his apologists sought to justify the assassination on the following arguments. 1.) Gandhi supported the idea of a separate State for Muslims. 2.) In a sense he was responsible for the creation of Pakistan. In spite of the Pakistani aggression in Kashmir, Gandhi fasted to compel the government of India to release an amount of Rs. 55 crores due to Pakistan.3.) The belligerence (aggressive or warlike behavior) of Muslims was a result of Gandhiji’s policy of appeasement.
Millions of Indians mourned Gandhi’s assassination; the Hindu Mahasabha was vilified and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh was temporarily banned. However, investigators could find no evidence that the RSS bureaucracy had formally sponsored or even knew of Godse’s plot. The ban on the RSS was lifted in 1949. To this day it denies any connection with Godse and disputes the claim that he was a member.However, Godse’s brother Gopal claims that all the Godse brothers were members of the RSS at the time of the assassination. According to Gopal Godse:-
“All the brothers were in the RSS. Nathuram, Dattatreya, myself and Govind. You can say we grew up in the RSS rather than in our home. It was like a family to us. Nathuram had become a baudhik karyavah [intellectual worker] in the RSS. He has said in his statement that he left the RSS. He said it because Golwalkar and the RSS were in a lot of trouble after the murder of Gandhi. But he did not leave the RSS.”
Jammu and Kashmir – The Burning issue.
Mr.Godse..
Jammu and Kashmir – The Burning issue.
King of Jammu and Kashmir. General Raja Sir Hari Singh, K.C.I.E., Commander-in-Chief.
Lord Louis Mountbatten., Last Viceroy of British India & Governor-General of Independent India.
Sir Hari Singh had ascended the throne of Kashmir in 1925 and was the reigning monarch at the conclusion of British rule in the subcontinent in 1947. One of the conditions of the partition of India imposed by Britain was that the rulers of princely states would have the right to opt for either Pakistan or India or remain independent (another play for quarrels). In 1941, the king of Kashmir accepted and declared that Kingdom of Kashmir will be part of India. And also ….1952 elected Constituent assembly of Jammu and Kashmir voted in favor of confirming the Kashmir region’s accession to India. So there is no need for a plebiscite.
Jammu and Kashmir consists of three regions: Jammu, the Kashmir Valley and Ladakh. Srinagar is the summer capital, and Jammu is the winter capital. Jammu and Kashmir is a state in northern India. It is located mostly in the Himalayan Mountains, and shares a border with the states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south. Jammu and Kashmir has an international border with China in the north and east, and the Line of Control separates it from the Pakistani-controlled territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit–Baltistan in the west and northwest respectively. (Now The state has special autonomy under Article 370 of the Indian constitution.)
A part of the erstwhile Princely State of Kashmir and Jammu, the region is the subject of a territorial conflict among China, India and Pakistan. The western districts of the former princely state known as Azad Kashmir and the northern territories known as Gilgit-Baltistan have been under Pakistani control since 1947. The Aksai Chin region in the east, bordering Tibet, has been under Chinese control since 1962.
Jammu and Kashmir – The Burning issue
The King of Kashmir already agreed and declared that Kashmir will join and will be a part within India. This resulted tensions in the Muslims in his territory, resulting in tension and warfare to this day. For both India and Pakistan, the most singular conflict unresolved since partition has concerned the former Princely State of Kashmir.
The demand to partition India was made by the main communal party of the Muslims, The All-India Muslim League, which co-operated with the British, and was under the direction of Mohammed Ali Jinnah (he is an advocate.) under the direction of British called for a ‘Direct Action Day’ by followers of the League in support of the demand for Pakistan. The day had dissolved into random violence and civil disruption across north India, with thousands of lives lost.
Jammu and Kashmir – The Burning issue
This was interpreted by the British as evidence of the irreconcilable differences between Hindus and Muslims. In reality, the riots were evidence as much of a simple lack of military and political control as they were of social discord.
Further evidence of the collapse of government authority was to be seen in the Princely State of Hyderabad, where a major uprising occurred in the Telengana region, and with the Tebhaga (‘two-thirds’) agitation among share-cropping cultivators in north Bengal. A leading role was played in both by the Communist Party of India.
If Pakistan were indeed created as a homeland for Muslims, it is hard to understand why far more were left behind in India than were incorporated into the new state of Pakistan – a state created by British in two halves, one in the east (formerly East Bengal, now Bangladesh) and the other 1,700 kilometers away on the western side of the subcontinent. The idea of ‘Pakistan’ was not thought of until the late 1930s. It is the creation of the British litigants for continuous disturbances and in creating the terrorists on the basis of religions. The ultimate goal achieved by the British.
Since August of 1947, India and Pakistan have fought three major wars and one minor war over territorial disputes. The boundary line in Jammu and Kashmir is particularly troubled. These regions were not formally part of the British Raj in India, but were quasi-independent princely states; But Pakistan claims that the majority muslims in Kashmir wants to unite with Pakistan. Hence Kashmir was claimed by both countries, which have been to war over this region on numerous occasions.
We can conclude that the act of British resulted in separating states on religion basis for Muslims and Hindus for having increasing violence nature forever and also for the assassination of M.K.Gandhiji. In 1974, India tested its first nuclear weapon. Pakistan followed in 1998. Thus, any exacerbation of post-Partition tensions today could be catastrophic. There are some roumers too regarding the Nuclear tests conducted by the Pakistan.
Jammu and Kashmir – The Burning issue
Both the countries first attained freedom nearly after 350 years of British rule and two days after, the partition took place. It’s a rarely known fact that the person who was behind India’s partition had never seen the country. 68 years ago, the historic decision was taken in Delhi. Even when Pakistan and India achieved independence, till 17th August, there was no announcement on the borders of two countries.
The man who set the boundary lines for India and Pakistan was Cyril John Radcliffe, the British lawyer and Law Lord. Radcliffe was given the daunting task of the chairmanship of the two boundary committees of drawing the borders for the new nations of Pakistan and India, in a way that would leave as many Hindus and Sikhs in India and Muslims in Pakistan as possible.
On 17th August 1947, the Radcliffe Line was formally declared as the boundary between India and Pakistan, two days following the Partition of India. British government had given the responsibility of dividing Punjab and Bengal province between the Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan to Sir John Radcliffe. He was commissioned to equitably divide 4,50,000 km sq of territory with 88 million people. The estimated loss of life during the partition of India is one million. For the Punjab alone, the loss of life is estimated somewhere between 500,000-800,000 and 10 million people were forced to flee for their lives.
Some surprising facts – Radcliffe had no complete information about the geography of India. On the basis of maps, castes and religions, Radcliffe divided the two nations. Prior to partition, Radcliffe had never been to India. On July 8, 1947, when he reached India, he was told that what task he has to accomplish. British government gave him only 5 weeks to complete the daunting task.
Radcliffe had finalised new maps between August 9 to August 14, but it was delayed due to some controversy. The two tehsils of Punjab’s Gurdaspur were included in Pakistan part, as majority of people were Muslims. In fact, in Pakistan , those Ahmadi populations are never considered as Muslims in Pakistan. On the day of partition, people of Bengal’s Muslim – dominated districts- Murshidabad and Malda – had put Pakistani flags on their houses, but they later came to know that were part of India. Chittagong, with only 2 percent Muslim population went to Pakistan (now Bangladesh).
It was hurriedly drawn up by a British lawyer, Cyril Radcliffe, who had little knowledge of Indian conditions and with the use of out-of-date maps and census materials.Communities, families and farms were cut in two, but by delaying the announcement the British managed to avoid responsibility for the worst fighting and the mass migration that had followed. Entire World can understand that this is a clear conspiracy of the British. But no one bothers. They are bothered now only that if war starts it ends as nuclear war. But no one is interested to control the Pakistan or china.
Jammu and Kashmir – The Burning issue
India has consistently told – UN resolutions are now completely irrelevant and Kashmir dispute is a bilateral issue and it has to be resolved under 1972 Simla Agreement and 1999 Lahore Declaration. Moreover, in November 2010, United Nations excluded Jammu and Kashmir from its annual list of unresolved international disputes under the observation of the United Nations Security Council.
The 1948–49 U.N. resolutions can no longer be applied, because of changes in the original territory, with some parts “having been handed over to China by Pakistan and demographic changes having been effected in Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas.
Another reason for the abandonment of the referendum is because demographic changes after 1947 have been effected in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, as generations of Pakistani individuals non-native to the region have been allowed to take residence in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. Furthermore, India alleges that in Jammu & Kashmir state of India, the demographics of the Kashmir Valley have been altered after separatist militants coerced 250,000 Kashmiri Hindus to leave the region. And the Pakis and chinese are increasing their population.
India cites the 1952 elected Constituent assembly of Jammu and Kashmir, which voted in favor of confirming accession to India. New Delhi says that since Kashmiris have voted in successive national elections in India, there is no need for a plebiscite.
Diplomatic relations between India and Pakistan soured for many other reasons and eventually resulted in three further wars in Kashmir the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971 and the Kargil War in 1999. India has control of 60% of the area of the former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir (Jammu, Kashmir Valley, and Ladakh); Pakistan controls 30% of the region (Gilgit–Baltistan and Azad Kashmir). China occupied 10% (Aksai Chin and Trans-Karakoram Tract) of the state in 1962. By the mid-1950s the Chinese army had entered the northeast portion of Ladakh.
By 1956–57 they had completed a military road through the Aksai Chin area to provide better communication between Xinjiang and western Tibet. India’s belated discovery of this road led to border clashes between the two countries that culminated in the Sino-Indian war of October 1962.China has occupied Aksai Chin since 1962 and, in addition, an adjoining region, the Trans-Karakoram Tract was ceded by Pakistan to China in 1963. This created an advantage to China. It is also expanding its country in different border areas… ( We are protecting them on the basis of our Article 370 and ..)
Jammu and Kashmir – The Burning issue
According to 2001 Indian census In J&K shows 900 females for every 1000 males where as in urban areas have a sex ratio of 822, But in certain districts the figure is shockingly low… below 700 in Leh, Kargil, Doda and Udhampur districts, and just over 700 in Kupwara and Rajauri. These are very dangerous figures for future survival in kashmir. Within few decades the effects will be seen throughout kashmir.
The Muslims in the Vale of Kashmir want India to continue to give them money, but want the ‘militants’ (aka terrorists) to be given a free hand. Why not, indeed it is a terrific deal for them. They have used the Pakistan-armed terrorists to cleanse the Hindus. As per 2002, more than two-thirds of the population of PoK (Pakistan occupied Kashmir) is non-Kashmiri. Of course Hindu Kashmiris have been completely eliminated from PoK., By Every Measure. Even if we submit thousands and thousands of proofs regarding the Kashmir issue in international court or UNO or any other, no one will hear and simply drag the issue.
A Kashmiri gets eight times more money from the Centre than citizens from other states. Today Kashmir, state generates only 40 per cent of its budget, and the rest is through central grants apart from many other facilities. Since Jammu and Kashmir comes under special category state, the ratio of Centre to state share in grants is highly more than any other state in India and for some, The ration is 90:10. Dragging the time regarding the Kashmir issue is like a starving man feeding the white elephant. Then why to wait and make still more complication in the kashmir issue. We have to take good steps to solve this as early as possible.
Jammu and Kashmir – The Burning issue
Provisions of Article 370..
According to this article, except for defence, foreign affairs, finance and communications, Parliament needs the state government’s concurrence for applying all other laws. Thus the state’s residents live under a separate set of laws, including those related to citizenship, ownership of property, and fundamental rights, as compared to other Indians. As a result of this provision, Indian citizens from other states cannot purchase land or property in Jammu & Kashmir. Under Article 370, the Centre has no power to declare financial emergency under Article 360 in the state. It can declare emergency in the state only in case of war or external aggression. The Union government can therefore not declare emergency on grounds of internal disturbance or imminent danger unless it is made at the request or with the concurrence of the state government.
A great thinker and poet, Maulana Hasrat Mohini, raised a question in the Constituent Assembly on October 17, 1949 regarding the insertion of Article 370 in the Constitution and asked for the reason of discrimination because of this. Even Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the architect of the Indian Constitution, refused to draft Article 370. Sardar Vallabhai Patel was also against the inclusion of this article because it was a way to discriminate.
When the Article 370 was drafted and included in the Constitution. at the same time, an international aspect was also added to the India-Pakistan conflict over the J&K problem, as the United Nations had to intervene.
Though the Article 370 does not discriminate between male and female, females had to seek fresh status of permanent resident of the state after their marriage. Also, the borders of the state can neither be reduced nor expanded under Article 370. The article does not allow people from other states to purchase land in Jammu and Kashmir.
It is true that abolishing Article 370 will benefit Jammu and Kashmir and the state will then attain the same status in Indian Constitution as enjoyed by the other states in India. If we take forward steps regarding this definitely the Pakis and Chinese terrorists in the J&K will explode. Because we gave that opportunity to them to widely develop there under the protection of the article 370.
Jammu and Kashmir – The Burning issue
We can declare emergency in the J&K State because of the Wars happened with Pakistan and china., and the other reason is the state lost total 40% of the land – Pakistan occupied 30% and China occupied 10%. During this course of time Pakistan and China are increasing their population in the occupied areas and becoming stable in controlling the occupied regions. Whereas our Indians- kashmiris are facing the terrorists, rapists, looters. No security to them and they are emigrating from Kashmir into other parts of India. We can demand the UN Security Council, UNO, The United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) and other all.
So The Article 370 is not applicable to the Jammu and Kashmir. We should be daring to take necessary steps in this regard and we should get our total control on the Jammu and Kashmir state and the Kashmiri people should be protected. This can be done when the Indian citizens from other states purchases land or property and stay or reside in Jammu and Kashmir. If not. The Indians in the Jammu and Kashmir state will immigrate into the other regions in India leaving their land and properties to them. So that the Pakistanis and the Chinese will occupy total state and we have to forgo the J&K or we have to fight with them every day and will be nonstop burning issue for our country. If we neglect this the other international territories along the borders or adjacent countries of our country also will be problemed (one after the other) by the other countries. The chances are for Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Lakshadweep, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Nagaland, West Bengal, Kerala, TamilNadu, all coastal areas. So we have to react and take necessary steps for our security as early possible.
Pakistan and china are encroaching the Indian regions in step wise manner in part by part and demanding the india ceasefire. Then what is the responsibility of the international organizations. They have to involve in this matter and they have to solve the issue. If not, Our Central Government has responsibility to take Bold steps.
Jammu and Kashmir – The Burning issue
On the other side faces of the Article 370..
Article 370 is framed in India and it is for the India. It is not for the other countries. We are following our constitution. It is not for the Pakistan, PoK terrorists, extremist or China. Kindly note and accept that they will not follow our Constitution or Articles or any other laws that is applicable to Indian citizens or in/for India. Then why we are following our constitution and our articles for the sake of their protection in our land ? Is it for our Indian citizens and for our country or Is it for the terrorists or other countries ? The framing and or following of this kind of article/s are ridiculous. If we notice that our enemies are protected by this Article or by other related articles immediate actions should be there. We have to remove or we have to amend it (them) immediately or as early as possible. But we had not taken correct steps.
If / When the other countries constitution contains that – they can occupy or grab land or can create or support or implement disturbances or send terrorists or terrorism in any way, Loot, Rob, Rape, kill or any other way in their country or other country and when they follow or implement according to their constitution or laws in our country, then do we accept them or their constitution or their laws in our country – Shall we give statements directly or indirectly to that particular country or to the world that they are protected by our Indian constitution and our laws ? Shall we bear and support whatever they wish to do in our mother land ?
It is ridiculous to support or giving advantage to them directly or indirectly with our article 370 / any other article according to our constitution? Do our leaders belong to our India or to the terrorist countries ? Do they protect our country and our citizens or not ??
And Lastly – if we are bonded with the article 370 as per our leaders.. And When they occupy even an inch of land in the J&K and/or do acts on the name of religion to damage the country /people, then the agreements framed with them at any where are void and we can take necessary actions by implementing the President rule – emergency or any other according to our decision to protect the J&K. And We can withdraw all special categories that we provide to the J&K and the center can control it as it controls other states in India. Appealing to the International court or UNO or to any other is not advisable. We are losing the lives of soldiers, people, women, children, Properties, Productivity, Supporting Budget amount allotted to the J&K according to its special privileges, Overall development of the Country and our people and many other and also finally prestige of our security forces and our country in the world. We don’t and also never accept this.
We are protecting them on the basis of our constitution, feeding them with our money and all efforts and developing the terrorism and terrorists and enemies to attack us again and again and to lose the J&K state. Pakistan is diverting this issue on the basis of religious attacks between Hindus and Muslims to attract the muslim countries and the peaceful living muslim communities in Indian sub continent.
Jammu and Kashmir – The Burning issue
Bharatvarsha, India Timeline……prehistoric Human habitation of India.
c. 5000 BCE – c. 1900 BCE : The Indus Valley (or Harappan) Civilization.
c. 4000 BCE : Indian village of Balathal inhabited.
c. 3000 BCE – c. 2600 BCE : The rise of the great Indian cities of Mohenjo Daro and Harappa. 2000 BCE : Pepper is widely used in Indian cooking.
c. 1700 BCE – c. 1500 BCE : Decline of the Harappan Culture in India.
c. 1700 BCE – 1100 BCE : The Rig Veda written, mentioning the god Rudra (Shiva) for the first time.
c. 1700 BCE – 150 BCE : The Vedic Period in India.
1500 BCE : The Indus Valley is invaded by Aryans – nomadic northerners from central Asia.
c. 1000 BCE : The Aryans expand into the Ganges valley inIndia.
c. 700 BCE : Indian scholars codify and reinterpret Aryanbeliefs to create the Upanishads texts
forming the basis of Hinduism.
c. 700 BCE : India is divided into 16 Aryan states or kingdoms.
c. 600 BCE : Charaka and Sushruta found two schools of Ayurveda.
599 BCE – 527 BCE : Life of Indian philosopher Vardhamana, founder of Jainism.
530 BCE : Persia conquers the Indus Valley.
c. 500 BCE : The kingdom of Magadha, ruled by Bimbisara, is the most powerful state in India.
c. 490 BCE – 410 BCE : The life of Siddhartha Gautama or the Buddha, founder of Buddhism.
The traditional date for his birth is 563 BCE, although contemporary scholarly consensus places his birth c. 490 BCE.
327 BCE – 325 BCE : Alexander’s campaign in northern India.
320 BCE : Chandragupta Maurya seizes the throne of Magadhan and expands the kingdom over northern and central India.
298 BCE : Indian ruler Chandragupta Maurya dies.
Jammu and Kashmir – The Burning issue
Bharatvarsha, India Timeline……prehistoric Human habitation of India.
298 BCE – 272 BCE : Chandragupta’s son, Bindusara, rules and expands the Maurya Empire.
273 BCE – 236 BCE : Ashoka, grandson of Chandragupta Maurya,conquers most of central and southern India.
c. 269 BCE : Ashoka becomes emperor of the Maurya dynasty in India.
c. 260 BCE : Indian ruler Ashoka conquers the kingdom of Kalinga.
232 BCE : Indian ruler Ashoka dies and the Mauryaempire declines.
c. 200 BCE : Beginning of the Greco-Bactrian conquests inIndia.
186 BCE : Demetrios wins a decisive battle in Gandhara, beginning the Yona (or Greek era) in India.
c. 165 BCE : The Greco-Bactrian king Eucratides invadesIndia.
160 BCE – 135 BCE : Indo-Greek King Menander rules the Punjab.
c. 130 BCE : Eucratids flee from Bactria to India. Rivalry between Eucratids and Euthydemids takes place in the Indo-Greek kingdoms.
30 BCE : Pepper is directly imported by Roman ships from India and its price decreases.
c. 1 CE : First non-stop voyages from Egypt to India.
c. 1 CE – c. 100 CE : The Mahayana movement begins in India with its belief in bodhisattva – saintly souls who helped the living.
320 CE : Gupta I founds the Gupta dynasty which would rule India for 600 years.
380 CE – 415 CE : Reign of Chandra Gupta II in India.
450 CE : India is invaded by the White Huns across theHindu Kush.
c. 500 CE – c. 600 CE : In India the Tantric expands the number of deities to include helpful demons, contactable through ritual.
c. 550 CE : The end of the reign of Visnugupta Chandraditya, last of the Gupta rulers in India.
712 CE Muslim general Muhammed bin Quasim conquers northern India.