IMPORTANT NOTE : * THIS IS AUTOMATIC TRANSLATION. THERE MAY BE SOME GRAMATICAL MISTAKES OR WRONG MEENING OF THE WORD OR PHRASE OR SENTENCE. SO UNDERSTAND THE MAIN POINTS OR THEMES.
Political people and the Governments are concentrating only on the present State capitals and big cities for their revenues and for many other selfish reasons. But they are not concentrating on the other districts, villages and towns in their states. For developing and concentrating on the other areas in each and every state, we need the people to demand for bifurcations of the present Metro cities and Major Municipal cities as Union territories in the country for the development. We will convert all Major cities in our country as Union Territories with legislature, like the Delhi and Pondicherry, which has their own assemblies and elected MLAs and Chief Minister. The final decision rests with Governor, appointed by the Centre. UTs with legislative assemblies have partial statehood with many advantages than the disadvantages. But it does not have a Vidhan Parishad or Upper House. If needed we have to amend the rules for introducing the Vidhan Parishad or Upper House too. Whatever the rules framed or amended should be for the benefit of the country development. Our country prestige will also indirectly reflects on the administration of slums in the country, urban cities and towns and affective administration regarding rural villages.
The administrative powers and responsibilities of the state ministry are not satisfying the people living in the cities, towns and villages. So we have to take some forced amendments in the country. In Indian Constitution, Articles 1 to 4 under Part-1 of the Constitution deals with the Union and its Territory. According to the Indian Constitution, the Union Territories can have a Legislative Assembly with elected members like in Delhi and in Puducherry. Article 240 (2) of the Indian Constitution confers the supreme power to the President of India in regulating the affairs of all union territories. UT does not possess autonomy. They will have small in area as compare to States.
In the present scenario The elected MLAs, MLCs and all Ministers in each and every state are neglecting or less concentrating in their constituencies. They are all residing in the state capitals or in Major cities. This is the major hurdle for the overall development of the present states and to the country. When those political leaders are concentrating in the capital or major cities, majority industrialists and developers are concentrating only in those cities. So, when we bifurcate or separate the major cities and form them as Union Territories with legislature or as Separate States, then there will be more development in these towns and villages, as well as in the separated cities. This is the Theory of the BVP. Kindly read all details so that you can understand easily. The cited all issues and problems are also common in the towns and villages.
So, the elected leaders in these cities will concentrate their all affords in their cities only and all issues in the cities can be solved easily and effectively. They will have their separate administration and budget. There will be only some changes in the central revenue. But due to this, the development aspect in the country changes in a different way. And all elected leaders in those cities will only concentrate in their cities only. So that the people and governments can notice their developments easily which are for their cities and also the administration will be very easy to them. Then other than these cities, respective formed governments can concentrate for the development of underdeveloped areas easily after deciding their head quarters in their respective states.
Benefits of UT in the country. .. Union territory will be under complete authority of the central government. The main advantage is lower taxes (in some cases, no taxes). Hence, cars, fuel, alcohol and a number of many consumer products are cheaper compared to other states. Permissions for industries or any other will be easier. Revenues of each and every individual will increase. Their governments can concentrate more on their UT. You don’t hear complaints about central funds as from the states. The employees get central scales of pay.
India is the 7th largest country in the world by area, and 2nd largest populated country. We have more larger cities than many other countries. Our country has its fair share of small cities, more commonly referred to as towns or villages. Urbanizations are an instrument of economic, social and political progress, which leads to serious socio-economic progress in the country. India has more than 40 cities with more than a million people, more than 396 cities with between 100,000 and 1 million people, and around 2500 towns with between 10,000 and 100,000 people.
While cities continue to develop and expand, the rural population hasn’t seen significant decreases through the decades like other countries. Country’s 74% of the population are situated in rural areas, while 26% make up the populations in the larger cities. Although India is one of the less urbanized countries of the world with more than 25% population living in urban agglomerations/towns. Now Our country is facing a serious crisis of urban growth and pollution with both natural and immigrations. This has put heavy pressure on each and every public utility along with management. Slums now account for 1/4 of all urban housing, many of which are situated near employment centers in the heart of town, unlike in most other developing countries.
The continuous immigrations from villages and towns towards growing cities are the root cause of urban problems. This is due to industrializations, job opportunities, attracting modern trends of life, for the search of economic opportunities and medical facilities. Urbanization is an integral part of the process of economic growth. As in most countries, India’s towns and cities make a major contribution to the country’s economy. With less than 1/3 of India’s people, its urban areas generate over 2/3 of the country’s GDP and account for 80% of government revenues.
39% of all married couples in India do not have an independent room to themselves. As many as 35% urban families live in one-room houses. Urban incomes are higher than the rural incomes. We have to create employment opportunities and incomes in rural areas and retard the large scale rural-urban migrations. The problem of unemployment is no less serious than the problem of housing. Urban unemployment in India is estimated at 15% – 25% of the labor force. This percentage is even higher among the educated people.
For about a third of urban Indian families, their houses does not include a kitchen, a bathroom, and a toilet—and in many cases there is no power and water supply. Only 79% urban household live in permanent (pucca) houses. 67% of the urban houses are owned by the households, while 29% are rented. The shortage of developed land for housing and the high prices of the land beyond the reach of urban poor will become major problem for the immigrants. In the slum areas, most of the squatter households belong to lower income group. They are predominantly migrants, but many are also second or third generation squatters with lack of house or land ownership.
With traffic bottleneck and traffic congestion, almost all cities and towns of India are suffering from acute form of transport problem. Transport problems increase and become more complex as the town or city grows in size.
In villages or towns or in cities, people suffer from water-borne diseases like blood dysentery, diarrhea, malaria, typhoid, jaundice, etc. These diseases stalk the people all the year round. Children with bloated bellies or famished skeletons, many suffering from polio, are a common sight. Most of the slums in cities are located near drains (Nullahs) which contain filthy stagnant water.
Millions of rodents and Trillions of flies and mosquitoes swarming over these drains cause infectious diseases. These drains are used as open lavatories by the inhabitants and are always choked. Such drains (Nullahs) pose serious threat to health of the people. Such an environment everywhere leads to several health problems.
Determining size of squatter settlement is a difficult job. Some may occur singly or in small groups of 10-20 dwellings while others occur in huge agglomerations of thousands/lakhs of houses. They will occur through organized rapid (almost overnight) invasions of an area by large number of people or by gradual accretion, family by family.
Squatter settlements are Due to inherent ‘non-legal’ status, and have services and infrastructure below the adequate minimum levels- such as water supply, sanitation, electricity, roads, drainage, schools, health centers, and market places are either absent or arranged informally.
Growing materialism, consumerism, and competition in everyday life, selfishness, lavishness, appalling socio-economic disparities and rising unemployment and feeling of loneliness in the crowd are some of the primary causes responsible for alarming trends in urban crime which also depends on the psychiatric conditions.
Not only the poor, deprived and slum dwellers take to crime, youngsters from well-to-do families also resort to crime in order to make fast buck and for meeting requirements of a lavish life. Occasional failures in life also drag youngsters to crime.
The problem of urban crime is becoming more complicated in the present day world because criminals often get protection from politicians, bureaucrats and elite class of the urban society. Some of the criminals reach high political positions by using their money and muscle power.
The share of urban areas in the total national economic income had been estimated at 60 per cent and the per capita income was about three times higher than rural per capita income. But this is not sufficient, partly, due to high cost of living and partly, because of growing economic disparity in urban areas. Rich are becoming richer and poor are becoming poorer. Several steps have been initiated to meet the challenges posed by urban crisis but with little or no success.
Urban societies are exhibiting pathological social symptoms like drug abuse, alcoholism, crime, vandalism and other deviant behaviors. The lack of integration of slum inhabitants into urban life reflects both, the lack of ability and cultural barriers. Slums are known by different names in different cities. They are called bustees in Kolkata, jhuggi- jhoparies in Delhi, Jhoparpattis or Chawl in Mumbai and Cheri in Chennai.
Area by reason of dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangement and design of such buildings, narrowness or faulty arrangement of streets, lack of ventilation, light, sanitation facilities or any combination of these factors are detrimental to safety, health and morals. Urban Agglomeration, unplanned and haphazard growth of urban areas, growth and spread of slums and squatter settlements which are the present striking features in the ecological structure of Indian cities, especially of metropolitan cities.
Urbanization results in drastic reduction in the water bodies of a city and rapid increase in built-up areas leads deterioration of the lakes in the city. In addition, unplanned urbanization drastically alters the natural topography of the region and leads to reduced water carrying capacity of natural drains due to encroachment, silting and poor sewer management and choke of waterways causing floods during monsoons, as is being faced by citizens presently in metropolitan cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Bangalore and Hyderabad. Rapid urbanization and industrial development leads to environmental degradation which is not following the same pattern everywhere.
Meeting the needs of India’s soaring urban populations is and will therefore continue to be a strategic policy matter. Critical Major Service deficiencies which are interlinked with one another and issues that need to be addressed and need concentration… are…
Issues needed to be addressed and need concentration on … are…
* Controlling migrations.
* Water storage and Supply.
* Electricity.
* Housing
* Streamlined Civil supplies.
* Sewerage Problems and sanitation.
* Trash Disposal.
* Urban Pollution… Rapidly deteriorating environment
* Uncontrolled expansion of urban areas. (Urban sprawl)
* Poor local governance.
* Limitations on the available land for buildings.
* Transport- Public utility transport systems like Buses, goods carriers, Local Trains, Trams, road cum rail transport methods, waterway methods if available.
* Lack of urban bodies for generating the revenues needed to renew Infrastructure, nor
do they have the creditworthiness to access capital markets for funds.
* Critical infrastructure shortages.
* Rigid master plans and zoning regulations.
* lack a modern affective planning framework.
* Obstructions in efficient planning and land use with multiplicity of local bodies.
* Framing the rules on the abilities and Retarding the growth in accordance with changing needs.
* Inappropriate planning that leads to high costs of housing and office space. (In some Indian cities these costs are among the highest in the world)
* Weak finances of urban local bodies and service providers leave them unable to expand the trunk infrastructure that housing developers need to develop new sites. Policy, planning, and regulation deficiencies lead to a proliferation of slums.
- Inadequate road maintenances.
- Lack of Complete General and life Insurance Coverages and procedures.
- Outdated rent control regulations also reduce the number of houses available on rent. It is a critical option creating prolonged allegations between owners and tenants or Lease holders.
- With out concentrating on the quality in constructions, imposing Building regulations that limits urban density – such as floor space indexes which reduce the number of houses available, thereby pushing up property prices.
- Less number of Schools, Colleges, and many education facilities and Medical facilities
- Less number of Hospitals and medical facilities which increases the out of pocket expenses.
- Road Accidents, Lack of administration in road crash data and road safety plans.
- Poor access to micro finance and mortgage finance limit the ability of low income groups to buy or improve their homes.
- Most services are delivered by city governments with unclear lines of accountability
- Private Service providers if present are unable to recover operations and maintenance costs and depend on the government for finance. Independent regulatory that set tariffs and enforce service quality are generally absent for them.
- Slums and Squatter Settlements.
(Illegally Occupied lands and constructed huts or houses in those occupied lands.) - Unemployment and under employment among the immigrants.
- Poverty, which leads to non availability of food, water, health and shelters.
- Overcrowding.
- Urban Crimes.
- Tobacco products, Wine shops and illegal availability of Narcotics.
- Homeless people, beggary, thefts, dacoities, burglaries and other social evils.
- Rapidly deteriorating urban environment is increasing the slum areas and taking a toll on people’s health and productivity and destroying the quality of life.
- Every day’s traveling distance for employees in between the working premises and their Homes.
- Lack of improving vehicle standards, Mileage and safety measures.
- Heavy traffic on roads, Traffic congestion.
- A large number of deaths that take place due to the road accidents. Pedestrians and
Cyclists are often the most vulnerable and prime victims. - Health problems including pandemics and epidemics.
- Stray animals.
- Focusing on cycle tracks for Solar and battery powered vehicles, Less Fuel consuming vehicles,
pedestrian paths, Human powered pedal bicycles, tricycles and goods carriers in large numbers. - Removal of one-way road systems which created many disturbances in many ways in the public.
- Lack of signals, traffic engineering improvement measures for road network, all types of Traffic
road markings or indicators, traffic police at each and every intersections and improvements, bus
priority lanes, - Removing of Speed breakers, development of intermediate passenger transport as a Short-term
measure a provision of service roads, by-passes, ring roads, bus bays,Wide medians, construction
and immediate repairs of footpaths and roads, removal of encroachments, good surface drainage
etc.These can be considered as short and medium-term measures. The condition of roads should
be improved. Crash points should be highlighted in order to reduce the number of accidents.
Introducing the Intelligent traffic system for efficient traffic management is needed. - Political unemployment.
We can’t control the Traffic, pollution, pandemics and epidemics due to over-crowding of the population in the cities. It will become great problem to us with uncontrolled urbanizations in the country.